What are the stages of growing and cultivating Dutch roses in a greenhouse?

Growing and cultivating Dutch roses in a greenhouse is a complex and precise process that requires attention to environmental conditions, special care, and the use of modern technologies. Dutch roses are one of the best types of roses that are very popular in the global market due to their high quality and large flowers. Here are the steps for growing and cultivating Dutch roses in a greenhouse in full:

1. Preparing the land and greenhouse

The first step in growing Dutch roses is preparing the greenhouse and soil. Dutch roses require specific environmental conditions, so choosing a greenhouse with appropriate conditions and preparing the soil is very important.

• Choosing a greenhouse: The greenhouse should have ventilation systems, artificial light, and temperature and humidity control. Dutch roses require a temperature of 18 to 22 degrees Celsius and a relative humidity of 60 to 70 percent is suitable for its optimal growth.
• Soil and growing medium: For growing Dutch roses, it is essential to use light, well-drained soil. The soil should have a suitable pH between 6 and 6.5. Some farmers use hydroponic (soil-free) growing mediums to grow Dutch roses, which helps to better control the growing conditions.

2. Selecting and planting Dutch rose seedlings

Dutch roses are usually propagated through cuttings and grafting. This process is done in order to maintain the specific characteristics and quality of the flowers.

• Selecting cuttings or seedlings: For planting, first healthy cuttings are taken from the mother plants. These cuttings are usually selected from young and healthy branches.
• Planting seedlings: After preparing the bed, the seedlings are planted at specific distances (usually 30 to 40 centimeters). These seedlings are placed directly in the greenhouse soil or in special pots.

3. Lighting and ambient temperature

Dutch roses need a lot of light to grow properly. In the greenhouse, artificial light is used to meet the light needs of the flowers.

• Lighting: The light required by Dutch roses is about 12 to 14 hours a day. In colder seasons when natural light is low, special greenhouse lamps (such as fluorescent or LED lamps) are used.
• Temperature control: The greenhouse temperature should be between 18 and 22 degrees Celsius during the day and between 15 and 18 degrees Celsius at night. If necessary, cooling and heating systems are used to control the temperature.

4. Watering and Feeding

Proper watering and feeding are among the essential factors in the growth and flowering of Dutch roses.

• Watering: Dutch roses require regular watering, but care must be taken that water does not remain in the soil continuously as it causes root rot. A drip irrigation system is usually used for better irrigation control.
• Feeding: Dutch roses require regular feeding. Fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are used. These fertilizers are usually given to the plant in a water-soluble form. Also, the use of microelement fertilizers and root enhancers can improve the growth and quality of flowers.

5. Decreasing or increasing day length (Photoperiodism)

One ​​of the outstanding features of the Dutch rose is its sensitivity to day length. To control the timing of flowering, greenhouse growers use daylength control systems.

• In some species, it may be necessary to extend the duration of night darkness to stimulate flowering.
• In contrast, in some species, longer daylength can lead to earlier flowering. This is especially true in modern greenhouse systems using controllable lighting systems.

6. Pest and Disease Control

To maintain the health of flowers, pest and disease control is of particular importance.

• Pests: Common pests include aphids, mites, and soil insects that should be controlled using harmless pesticides or biological methods (such as using natural enemies of pests).
• Diseases: Fungal diseases such as powdery mildew and downy mildew, and viral diseases can damage flowers. The use of fungicides and preventive spraying programs can help control diseases.